ERP stands for enterprise resource planning, but what does ERP mean? The simplest way to define ERP is to think about all the core business processes needed to run a company: finance, HR, manufacturing, supply chain, services, procurement, and others. At its most basic level, ERP helps to efficiently manage all these processes in an integrated system. It is often referred to as the system of record of the organization.

Yet today’s ERP systems are anything but basic and have little resemblance to the ERP of decades ago. They are now delivered via the cloud and use the latest technologies – such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning – to provide intelligent automation, greater efficiency, and instant insight across the business. Modern ERP software also connects internal operations with business partners and networks around the world, giving companies the collaboration, agility, and speed they need to be competitive today.

ERP Definition

ERP is a software system that helps you run your entire business, including processes in finance, human resources, manufacturing, supply chain, services, procurement, and more.

Sometimes described as “the central nervous system of an enterprise,” an ERP system provides the automation, integration, and intelligence that is essential to efficiently run all day-to-day business operations. Most or all of an organization’s data should reside in the ERP system to provide a single source of truth across the business.

How do ERP systems work?

An ERP system – also called an ERP suite – is made up of integrated modules or business applications that talk to each other and share common a database.

Each ERP module typically focuses on one business area, but they work together using the same data to meet the company’s needs. Finance, accounting, human resources, sales, procurement, logistics, and supply chain are popular starting points. Companies can pick and choose the module they want and can add on and scale as needed.

ERP systems also support industry-specific requirements, either as part of the system’s core functionality or through application extensions that seamlessly integrate with the suite.

ERP software can be bought using a cloud subscription model (software-as-a-service or SaaS) or a licensing model (on premise).